Sigmoidoscopy

Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic medical procedure used to examine the lower part of the large intestine, specifically the sigmoid colon and rectum, using a flexible, thin tube called a sigmoidoscope equipped with a light and camera.

Purpose:

This procedure helps doctors investigate symptoms such as:

• Rectal bleeding

• Chronic diarrhea or constipation

• Abdominal pain

• Unexplained changes in bowel habits

• Screening for colorectal cancer or precancerous polyps

Procedure:

During sigmoidoscopy:

• The patient typically lies on their side.

• The doctor gently inserts the sigmoidoscope through the anus into the lower colon.

• The camera transmits live images to a monitor, allowing detailed visualization of the mucosal lining.

• If necessary, small biopsies (tissue samples) can be taken for lab analysis.

• Polyps or abnormal growths can sometimes be removed during the exam.

Advantages:

• Less invasive and shorter than a full colonoscopy.

• Usually requires minimal or no sedation.

• Quick procedure, often completed within 10–20 minutes.

• Effective for detecting diseases limited to the distal colon and rectum.

Limitations:

• Only examines the lower colon, so abnormalities in the upper colon or entire large bowel may be missed.

• May require a full colonoscopy if further investigation is needed.

Aftercare:

Patients may experience mild cramping or gas after the procedure. Normal diet and activities can usually be resumed soon after.

When to Choose Sigmoidoscopy?

It's commonly recommended for:

• Initial colorectal cancer screening in some settings.

• Evaluating rectal bleeding or lower bowel symptoms.

• Follow-up for known distal colon diseases.